Everyone has the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being and to have access to sufficient food and water (Constitution).

The Water Services Act provides for the right to basic water supply and sanitation and that sufficient water and an environment not harmful to health or well-being is necessary. The Minister may -

      prescribe compulsory national standards relating to water services. When prescribing such standards, the need for equitable access to water services must be considered (Water Services Act)

      determine the policy for environmental conservation regarding the establishment and maintenance of acceptable human living environments in accordance with the environmental values and environmental needs of communities (Environmental Conservation Act; section 2).

The National Water Act mentions that the basic human needs must be satisfied by securing a basic water supply, as prescribed under the Water Services Act (the Reserve).

Ecosystems and biological resources required to meet basic human needs should be protected and maintained (White Paper on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of South Africa's Biological Diversity). Job provision, and other opportunities for the poor, within conservation and sustainable use of biological resources will be promoted. The necessary human resources will be developed (biodiversity policy and strategy).

Conservation efforts must include areas modified by human activities, and must seek to enhance the contribution which biodiversity makes to human welfare. 

The potential risks to human health as a result of the transfer, handling, use and release of genetically modified organisms must be minimized through proper regulations.

The rehabilitation of defunct and derelict mines, which are a risk to the environment, public safety and human health, should be provided for by appropriate regulation (other views; A Minerals and Mining Policy for South Africa).

Mining companies will be encouraged to promote social participation by conducting their operations in such a manner that the needs of local communities are taken into consideration (Government Policy; A Minerals and Mining Policy for South Africa).